Computer Science
Welcome to coding world
Operator represents an action. For example + is an operator
that represents addition. An operator works on two or more operands and produce
an output. For example 3+4+5 here + operator works on three operands and
produce 12 as output.
1) Basic Arithmetic Operators
2) Assignment Operators
3) Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Operators
4) Logical Operators
5) Comparison (relational) operators
6) Bitwise Operators
7) Ternary Operator
1) Basic Arithmetic Operators
Basic arithmetic operators are: +, -, *, /, %
+ is for addition.
– is for subtraction.
* is for multiplication.
/ is for division.
% is for modulo.
Note: Modulo operator returns remainder, for example 20 % 5
would return 0
Example of Arithmetic Operators
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num1 = 240;
int num2 = 40;
cout<<"num1 + num2: "<<(num1 + num2)<<endl;
cout<<"num1 - num2: "<<(num1 - num2)<<endl;
cout<<"num1 * num2: "<<(num1 * num2)<<endl;
cout<<"num1 / num2: "<<(num1 / num2)<<endl;
cout<<"num1 % num2: "<<(num1 % num2)<<endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
num1 - num2: 200
num1 * num2: 9600
num1 / num2: 6
num1 % num2: 0
2) Assignment Operators
Assignments operators in C++ are: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=
num2 = num1 would assign value of variable num1 to the
variable.
num2+=num1 is equal to num2 = num2+num1
num2-=num1 is equal to num2 = num2-num1
num2*=num1 is equal to num2 = num2*num1
num2/=num1 is equal to num2 = num2/num1
num2%=num1 is equal to num2 = num2%num1
Example of Assignment Operators
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num1 = 240;
int num2 = 40;
num2 = num1;
cout<<"=
Output: "<<num2<<endl;
num2 += num1;
cout<<"+=
Output: "<<num2<<endl;
num2 -= num1;
cout<<"-=
Output: "<<num2<<endl;
num2 *= num1;
cout<<"*=
Output: "<<num2<<endl;
num2 /= num1;
cout<<"/=
Output: "<<num2<<endl;
num2 %= num1;
cout<<"%=
Output: "<<num2<<endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
+= Output: 480
-= Output: 240
*= Output: 57600
/= Output: 240
%= Output: 0
3) Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Operators
++ and —
num++ is equivalent to num=num+1;
num–- is equivalent to num=num-1;
Example of Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Operators
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num1 = 240;
int num2 = 40;
num1++; num2--;
cout<<"num1++ is: "<<num1<<endl;
cout<<"num2-- is: "<<num2;
return 0;
}
Output:
num2-- is: 39
4) Logical Operators
Logical Operators are used with binary variables. They are
mainly used in conditional statements and loops for evaluating a condition.
Logical operators in C++ are: &&, ||, !
Let’s say we have two boolean variables b1 and b2.
b1&&b2 will return true if both b1 and b2 are true
else it would return false.
b1||b2 will return false if both b1 and b2 are false else it
would return true.
Example of Logical Operators
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
bool b1 = true;
bool b2 = false;
cout<<"b1 && b2:
"<<(b1&&b2)<<endl;
cout<<"b1 || b2: "<<(b1||b2)<<endl;
cout<<"!(b1 && b2): "<<!(b1&&b2);
return 0;
}
Output:
b1 || b2: 1
!(b1 && b2): 1
5) Relational operators
We have six relational operators in C++: ==, !=, >, <,
>=, <=
== returns true if both the left side and right side are
equal
!= returns true if left side is not equal to the right side
of operator.
> returns true if left side is greater than right.
< returns true if left side is less than right side.
>= returns true if left side is greater than or equal to
right side.
<= returns true if left side is less than or equal to
right side.
Example of Relational operators
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num1 = 240;
int num2 =40;
if (num1==num2) {
cout<<"num1 and num2 are equal"<<endl;
}
else{
cout<<"num1 and num2 are not equal"<<endl;
}
if( num1 != num2 ){
cout<<"num1 and num2 are not equal"<<endl;
}
else{
cout<<"num1 and num2 are equal"<<endl;
}
if( num1 > num2
){
cout<<"num1 is greater than num2"<<endl;
}
else{
cout<<"num1 is not greater than num2"<<endl;
}
if( num1 >= num2
){
cout<<"num1 is greater than or equal to
num2"<<endl;
}
else{
cout<<"num1 is less than num2"<<endl;
}
if( num1 < num2
){
cout<<"num1 is less than num2"<<endl;
}
else{
cout<<"num1 is not less than num2"<<endl;
}
if( num1 <=
num2){
cout<<"num1 is less than or equal to num2"<<endl;
}
else{
cout<<"num1 is greater than num2"<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
num1 and num2 are not equal
num1 is greater than num2
num1 is greater than or equal to num2
num1 is not less than num2
num1 is greater than num2
6) Bitwise Operators
There are six bitwise Operators: &, |, ^, ~, <<,
>>
num1 = 11; /* equal to 00001011*/
num2 = 22; /* equal to 00010110 */
Bitwise operator performs bit by bit processing.
num1 & num2 compares corresponding bits of num1 and num2
and generates 1 if both bits are equal, else it returns 0. In our case it would
return: 2 which is 00000010 because in the binary form of num1 and num2 only
second last bits are matching.
num1 | num2 compares corresponding bits of num1 and num2 and
generates 1 if either bit is 1, else it returns 0. In our case it would return
31 which is 00011111
num1 ^ num2 compares corresponding bits of num1 and num2 and
generates 1 if they are not equal, else it returns 0. In our example it would
return 29 which is equivalent to 00011101
~num1 is a complement operator that just changes the bit
from 0 to 1 and 1 to 0. In our example it would return -12 which is signed 8
bit equivalent to 11110100
num1 << 2 is left shift operator that moves the bits
to the left, discards the far left bit, and assigns the rightmost bit a value
of 0. In our case output is 44 which is equivalent to 00101100
Note: In the example below we are providing 2 at the right
side of this shift operator that is the reason bits are moving two places to
the left side. We can change this number and bits would be moved by the number
of bits specified on the right side of the operator. Same applies to the right
side operator.
num1 >> 2 is right shift operator that moves the bits
to the right, discards the far right bit, and assigns the leftmost bit a value
of 0. In our case output is 2 which is equivalent to 00000010
Example of Bitwise Operators
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num1 = 11; /* 11 = 00001011 */
int num2 = 22; /* 22 = 00010110 */
int result = 0;
result = num1 &
num2;
cout<<"num1 & num2: "<<result<<endl;
result = num1 |
num2;
cout<<"num1 | num2: "<<result<<endl;
result = num1 ^
num2;
cout<<"num1 ^ num2: "<<result<<endl;
result = ~num1;
cout<<"~num1: "<<result<<endl;
result = num1
<< 2;
cout<<"num1 << 2: "<<result<<endl;
result = num1
>> 2;
cout<<"num1 >> 2: "<<result;
return 0;
}
Output:
num1 | num2: 31
num1 ^ num2: 29
~num1: -12
num1 << 2: 44 num1 >> 2: 2
7) Ternary Operator
This operator evaluates a boolean expression and assign the
value based on the result.
Syntax:
If the expression results true then the first value before
the colon (:) is assigned to the variable num1 else the second value is
assigned to the num1.
Example of Ternary Operator
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num1, num2; num1
= 99;
/* num1 is not equal
to 10 that's why
* the second value
after colon is assigned
* to the variable
num2
*/
num2 = (num1 == 10)
? 100: 200;
cout<<"num2: "<<num2<<endl;
/* num1 is equal to
99 that's why
* the first value
is assigned
* to the variable
num2
*/
num2 = (num1 == 99)
? 100: 200;
cout<<"num2: "<<num2;
return 0;
}
Output:
num2: 100